Limb Transplants -- Modern Miracle or Future Frankenstein? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Limb Transplants -- Modern Miracle or Future Frankenstein?We all know that briberys save lives. Liver, heart, renal, and new(prenominal) organ transplants are hardly controversial. But what happens when transplants do not save lives? What happens when they actually endanger them? At least twenty-one hands and arms perk up been transplanted since 1998 (and one in 1964) (1). Sure, the cosmetic and functional value of having a new hand could seem like a miracle to those without hands or arms, but do these benefits outweigh the risks?Limb attachments are not uncommon. Dr V Pathmanathan and his team, who transplanted a left arm onto baby Chong Lih Ying from her twin sister who had died at birth, had already performed over three hundred such operations (2). The controversy occurs when the limb is not simply reattached, but is transplanted from one person to an some other. This is because limb transplant patients, like any other transplant patients, need to be given anti-rejection medic ation, immunosuppressive therapy (1), so that the bodys immune system does not recognize the new limbs tissue as foreign and destroy it (3). In fact, Chong Lih Ying was the only limb transplant patient not to receive immunosuppressive drugs. Because her arm was transplanted from her twin, there was very little risk of rejection (2).As the name suggests, immunosuppressive drug drugs given to limb transplant patients greatly lower the bodys immune system (4). This puts limb transplant patients at a much greater risk of cancer, infections, and other disorders (5), as has been the case in renal and liver transplants (6). Even with these drugs, the patient still has a great risk of rejection. Six weeks after Jerry Fishers hand transplant, he had already experienced three episodes of rejection, a common and expected occurrence in limb transplant patients (7). To avoid rejection, and to regain functions of the limb, limb transplant patients moldiness follow a strict regime of intense physi cal therapy. During the period immediately preceding his hand transplant, Jerry Fisher underwent a two-hour physical therapy session sixer days a week, as well as therapy exercises on his own every two hours (7). Even so, normal functions of the limb come slowly, and according to stress results to date, a transplanted limb will never have the full function of a limb with which one was born (6). Transplant recipients must also change intense psychological therapy in order to view the hand as part of the self and not to associate it with the deceased body from which it came.

Crime And Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Sonyas affect on Raskolnikov     Sonya, throughout the story had a great affect on Raskolnikovs changes. In the novel, Crime and Punishment by Fyoder Dostoevsky, this can be seen from all the things Sonya had done for Raskolnikov and what affect the cold person turned loving.Sonya is the daughter of Rodias friend that was labored into prostitution to provide for the family, still all is done willingly out of love. In Sonya, one can see a great sinner as Raskalnikov at peace with her and with idol. Sonyas knowledge that God alone gives one worth allows Sonya to love others unconditionally, including Raskalnikov. Sonya also helps Raskolnikov to get rid of suffering from guilt. Sonya, being extremely religious, believes that everyone deserves a second chance. Sonya then shows Raskolnikov how to be forgiven in Gods eyes. Then convinces Rodia to confess to everyone the murders of the old money lender so that in Gods eyes will be forgiven. Against Sonyas meekness a nd love, Raskalnikov begins to break. At first, Rodia is argumentative, mocking Sonyas childlike faith. "Shes a holy fool" Raskalnikov thinks to, but yet Rodia is still drawn to Sonyas strength. At last, Raskalnikov begins to realize that he is not alone, and it is because of this realization that the great sinner began to confess to Sonya. It can be verbalise that, in this confession, Raskalnikovs strength returns.However, Raskalnikovs confession to Sonya is not enough, and S...

Essay --

SuperbugsOvercoming the ResistanceBio 1M03 PBL ProjectMarch 11, 2014This report has been edited and approved by all contributing group members before submission.Bacterial confrontation to antibiotics has presented many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but overexposure to these drugs carry the bacteria more opportunities to mutate, forming resistant strains. Through natural selection, those few mutated bacteria are able to survive treatments of antibiotics and then pass on their genes to other bacterial cells through lateral gene transportation (Zhaxybayeva, 2011). Once resistance builds in one patient, it is possible for the strain to be transmitted to others through improper hygiene and failure to isolate patients in hospitals.Resistance arises from mutations that are not under the control of humans, but the evolution of bac teria has been sped along by the overexposure of antibiotics to both sight and animals. The number of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in an area is closely related to the frequency that antibiotics that are prescribed (Todar, 2012). Patients often unnecessarily demand antibiotics to treat common colds or simple illnesses that are not caused by bacteria. Instead, these infections are caused by viruses which, unlike bacteria, are unaffected by antibiotics. Incorrect diagnosis can also mince patients to using unnecessary antibiotics, which can sometimes be even more dangerous than otherwise left untreated. Besides the fact that antibiotics kill off honest bacteria in the intestines, misuse of antibiotics provides an opportunity ... ... antibiotic resistance has quickly become an increasing concern in recent times due to the maturement use of antibiotics. To combat this problem, we propose that healthy intestinal floras be maintained after antibiotic resistance using fecal bacteriotherapy, and that processes of lateral gene transfer be disrupted before antibiotic resistance through the use of copper surfaces and after antibiotic resistance through synthesized CSPs. Continuing research in these solutions as well as implementing these strategies into mainstream medicine will certainly reduce the frequency of antibiotic resistance along with incidences of serious disease outbreaks in hospitals. With a better understanding of the causes of antibiotic resistance and the role that patients and doctors play in these causes, it is time to move forward and attempt to eradicate this problem once and for all.

Abortion :: essays research papers

Abortion, termination of a pregnancy before birth, resulting in the death of the fetus. Some abortions occur naturally because a fetus does non develop normally or because the mother has an injury or disorder that prevents her from carrying the pregnancy to term. This type of spontaneous abortion is parkly known as a miscarriage. Other abortions are inducedthat is, intentionally brought onbecause a pregnancy is unwanted or presents a risk to a womans health, or because the fetus is likely to have severe physical or mental health problems.Induced abortion, the focus of this article, is one of todays most screaming(prenominal) and polarizing ethical and philosophical issues. Modern medical techniques have made induced abortions simpler and less dangerous. But in the United States, the debate over abortion has conduct to legal battles in the courts, in the Congress of the United States, and state legislatures. The debate has spilled over into confrontations, which are sometimes vio lent, at clinics where abortions are performed. This article discusses the most common methods used to induce abortions, the social and ethical issues surrounding abortion, and the history of the regulation of abortion in the United States.II Abortion Methods Print Preview of section Induced abortions are performed using drugs or surgery. The safest and most appropriate method is determined by the age of the fetus, which is calculated from the beginning of the pregnant womans last menstrual period. Most pregnancies last an average of 39 to 40 weeks. This period is divided into three stages known as trimesters. The first trimester consists of the first 13 weeks, the second trimester spans weeks 14 to 28, and the third trimester lasts from the 29th week to birth.

Can Logging Help the Enviorment Essay -- Environment, Saving Forests

The Earths forest hold up to 90% of the terrestrial plants and sentient being species (Heaton 76). About 13 million hectargons of the worlds forests are cut down each year (FAO 2005). Forests also hold 25% of modern medicines (World rainforest Movement 28), while the United States is the largest wood consumer in the world Heaton says that the US, per capita, consumes approximately 330 kg in wood based products compared to 233 kg in Germany who holds second go under (WRI 2003). WWF has been trying for years to help with the worlds preservation of forests. WWFs policy toward conservation of forests states to influence broader, long-term governmental policy - domestically and internationally - that supports our mission to conserve 19 of the worlds most important natural places and significantly change global markets to protect the future of nature by 2015. Being embossed in logging community where logging is not just a livelihood for the citizens, but a major and necessary industry , I have been make very aware of the arguments for both sides. However, the media tends to be biased in favor of milieualism. We have myriads of organizations that are formed just to prevent further damage to our environment and ecosystem. Over the past twenty years, multiple laws have been implemented to try and save forests across America as a result of petitions, protests, and people wanting to do well for the environment. I want to believe that by reducing logging and by expanding our national forests to save the ecosystem and animal habitats, the problem of depletion of forests would be solved, however, these hopes, that are the same hopes of environmentalist organizations, of banning logging are neither ideal nor logical. I would like to know if th... ...ry, and its incredibly difficult for the government to mold a complete stop to the practice. The human race has used wood since the dawn of man. We are so dependent on this material that we have tucker or resources to th e point of certain plant and animal species are now on the verge of extinction or already nonexistent. But, on that point is hope for the forests nearly the world. Organizations, such as WWF, FSC, SFI have shown great results for saving natural resources, and in the cases of FSC and SFI they have reused and recycled many items without further harm to the planet. I think that with further occupy in biodiversity, we could create a huge impact for future generations to come that would prove to be quite useful. I think that if this research was to commence that there would be a greater understanding of our environment and how to handle and treat it better.

Can Logging Help the Enviorment Essay -- Environment, Saving Forests

The Earths forest hold up to 90% of the terrestrial plants and animal species (Heaton 76). somewhat 13 million hectares of the worlds forests are cut down each year (FAO 2005). Forests also hold 25% of modern medicines (World Rainforest causal agency 28), while the United States is the largest wood consumer in the world Heaton says that the US, per capita, consumes approximately 330 kg in wood based products compared to 233 kg in Germany who holds second place (WRI 2003). WWF has been onerous for years to help with the worlds preservation of forests. WWFs policy toward conservation of forests states to influence broader, long-term governmental policy - domestically and internationally - that supports our billing to conserve 19 of the worlds most important natural places and significantly change global markets to protect the future of nature by 2015. Being raised in logging community where logging is not just a livelihood for the citizens, but a major and necessary industry, I h ave been made genuinely aware of the arguments for both sides. However, the media tends to be biased in favor of environmentalism. We have myriads of organizations that are formed just to prevent further damage to our environment and ecosystem. everywhere the past twenty years, multiple laws have been implemented to try and save forests across America as a result of petitions, protests, and people wanting to do well for the environment. I want to believe that by reducing logging and by expanding our national forests to save the ecosystem and animal habitats, the problem of depletion of forests would be solved, however, these hopes, that are the resembling hopes of environmentalist organizations, of banning logging are neither ideal nor logical. I would like to know if th... ...ry, and its incredibly difficult for the government to put a complete stop to the practice. The human race has used wood since the dawn of man. We are so dependent on this material that we have exhausted or resources to the point of certain plant and animal species are now on the verge of extinction or already nonexistent. But, there is hope for the forests around the world. Organizations, such as WWF, FSC, SFI have shown great results for saving natural resources, and in the cases of FSC and SFI they have reused and recycled many items without further harm to the planet. I think that with further study in biodiversity, we could create a huge impact for future generations to come that would prove to be quite useful. I think that if this research was to commence that there would be a greater understanding of our environment and how to handle and treat it better.

Masculinity

Epic heroes like Achilles, Odysseus, and Aenas were warrior-type males who fought enemies and wars with great strength and exceptional courage. nearly of the time they had little regard for their own personal safety. That, particularly mentionized Achilles. Odysseus on the other hand was cautious and wise. He was a complex and strategic thinker. Aenas had a deep devotion to God and would fight for his people and country.Those epic heroes were the image of masculinity. They fought wars which they won. They had great moral convictions. They were strong and courageous. They did not shrink from challenges, they instead charged onward for God, people and country. They did not only capitalize on their physical strength, they had great minds as well.The long years in between periods of history saw the shimmy of the idea of masculinity from the time of the epic heroes to the modern day masculinity. However, on those times when, again, nations went to war, the heroes in men once again sur faced. They were aggressive and patriotic, and they sacrificed and felt recognise by serving in the war.Different times had different norms. The war is now on athletics. Physical strength was no longer for combat scarce it became healthy physique for athletics. Athletes have to compete, whether it is against ones self or an opponent. Like in combat, they need to have the will to win, a strong character and of course, the fire of nationalism.Media has the most experience in defining and presenting masculinity. They came up with stereotypes like he has a sense of humor, he is aggressive, he is in control and is decisive, he is successful, and lastly he gets angry too, meaning he is being human.The perception or idea of masculinity do not seemed to have changed from the epic heroes, to the athletes at the Olympics and to the present-day or modern men. Very evident, therefore significant are love of God and country, courage, character and success as traits that truly make a man mascul ine.ReferencesEpic Traditions the HeroHomer to Virgil to Dante to Milton. 13 November 2006.http//faculty.goucher.edu/eng211/epic_traditions_the_hero.htCommon Stereotypes of Men in Media. Media Stereotyping. 13 November 2006.Characters of the Classical Epic. 13 November 2006.http//www174.pair.com/mja/epic.htmlBourke, Dr. Joanna. The Image of Man. The Creation of Modern Masculinity. By Professor George L.Mosse. February 1997. Updated 26 March 2002. 13 November 2006.http//www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/bourke.html

Abstract – Analysis

After Jobs death (201 1), the video of his speech turned on the internet, gaining millions of views. On Twitter and Backbone, citizenry quoted pieces of the speech, and one of the cost highly circulated quotes was his last line Stay hungry, stay foolish. . Steve Jobs powerful speech consisted of three stories from his life. The first story, which he c solelys connecting the dots, touches upon his early life and how it all affected the inception and development of his company and career.The second story, about love and loss, reveals how he pursued what he loved, and the twists and turns in that pursuit, and his eventual success and progression of happiness (American dream). The third story he speaks about relates his feelings of being at the end of the road, and how facing death every day inspired him to work and experience as if it were his last day (Carper diem theme).This speech is more Interesting because It is full of rhetorical, philosophical messages and figures, there are t he recurring themes of birth, death, rebirth, love, and determination. Indubitably, Jobs has struck a core with the American Dream Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith. and Dont settle. , a few of his aphorisms for the young students are determined to Join the workforce, pursue their livelihoods, strike their families, and achieve their Dream.While It may seem plausible and appealing to stay hungry, stay foolish for one person, It may seem unreasonable and Inauspicious to another. The annex about the Instinct that for Jobs prevails over the reason creates divergent opinions as also the history has shown through the thinking of some philosophers comparable B. Pascal, S. Segregated, F. Nietzsche or rationalist philosophers Like D. Home or R. Descartes. Finally, there are many other Ideas and Items that come out of this discourse, where the pathos always wins the audience.

Name Your Price Essay

Name Your Price Compensation Negotiation Whole Health Management Group 6 Abhisek Jha 10PGHR04 Annesha Pramanik 10PGHR08 Kunal Dayani 10PGHR21 Priyanka Gupta 10PGHR30 Ria Ghosh 10PGHR42 Tanu Mehta 10PGHR51Base SalaryStatus $100000 per year paid semi monthly yard Since Whole Health Management is a mid exhaust hood company and it wishes to pay competitive package at HBS , we have chosen median base salary of health sector from exhibit 6. Also, since the CEO, Jim Hummer is voluntary mentor and provide a lot of challenging opportunities to Munroe, which he might not get anywhere else so he would be ready to via media with the monetary benefits and not choose 75% base salaryStock optionsStock options Options to purchase 10000 shares at $2.7 per share according to vesting schedule Reason It is the standard equity plan for incoming executives Also since, Jim mentioned in exhibit 2, that the company might grow 3 folds by year end 2006, Munroe would requirement to invest in the firms equity And Jim also mentioned that the organic growth strategy may generate many opportunities for Munroe, being in a leadership role he would like to have more stake in the companyBonusBonus Up to $30000 based on hold upon goals Reason- Since the median total additional compensation given in exhibit 6 is 30% of the median base salaryThe agreed upon goals would ascribe to 3 roles specified Manage knob relationships and contracts Goals a) Repeat business from existing clients of the three contracts given to Munroe b) Customer satisfaction Index 90% Grow existing client contracts Goals a) Increase revenue ( existing-$10M to $12M) from the contract that he is managing by 15% Develop new client business Goals a) Expand the client base and get 2 more contracts with combined worth of atleast $4MNOTE The bonus of $30000 is proportionally divided on all goals with each role carrying equal weightage move AllowanceRelocation Allowance $10000 to relocate to Cleveland additional allow ance to be determined for any future relocations Reason From internet cost of living comparison calculators we piece that even with a 30% decrease in Munroes salary, he could maintain his standard of living in Cleveland as it is a less pricey city as compared to Boston. Thus we have allocated a nominal amount of $10000 towards movers and packers chargesSource for cost of living comparison http//www.bankrate.com/calculators/savings/moving-costof-living-calculator.aspxContinuing knowledge Stipend and Dues & LicensuresContinuing Education Stipend 70% of tuition fee for further education, if approved Dues and Licensures Sponsor(100%) the certifications and other dues and licensures in futureTHANK YOU

Digestive System Travel Guide

Anatomy Travel Bureau welcomes you to Your Digestive System pic Kaitlynn Daseke-Collette Anatomy and Physiology The Digestive System This journey your close to experience may fill up up to several days. I hope youve packed well. We provide be going through seas, acid rains, and dry, desert like conditions. So with off wasting each more time let me give you a play by play of your vacation First Stop Our first stop will be breakfast after you wake up on day one. You will be able to eat what ever your heart desires. Anything from a stack of pancakes to something exclusively unrelated to breakfast, like pizza.Choose wisely, you will be stuck with your breakfast for the rest of the tour pic This is where I hand it over to your breakfast Enjoy your trip pic hello there Im that stack of banana pancakes you devoured at breakfast this dayspring. Our real first stop on this journey through your digestive trunk is the mouth. The mouth is a pretty obvious place on the body. So when you p ut me in your mouth this morning I met up with some spitting and then I was chewed similarly known as masticated. Your cheeks and lips hold your food in your mouth while your teeth take cargon of the masticating.The tongue is what servicings motley food and saliva together and it also initiates sw everyowing. The process of digestion has already begun believe it or not. This is the first step in breaking food down. Although this may die a little gross its not just about breaking down food for digestion, we have tiny buds on our tongue which Im sure you all know as TASTE BUDS Taste buds are the taste receptors allowing you to taste the butter, banana, syrup and what ever else you put on me this morning before we began this journeyBefore we get any further and you are unable to hear me lets just go through all the technical stuff so we can actually enjoy the sites Our second stop on this fascinating trip will be the Pharynx. Two passageways that are most commonly taken are the o ropharynx and laryngopharynx. on that point is also the nasopharynx. Which when your body was under development we agreed to divide and it now currently belongs to the respiratory system, its considerate of like their own private door. But not to worry, youre not missing much First we will go through the oropharynx which leads to the laryngopharynx which will lead us to the esophagus.You might feel a little bit of a squish here and there from the brawniness layers of the pharynx walls. They contract to help propel us to the esophagus, this is also called peristalsis. The Esophagus This is also known as the gullet. It runs most hours of the day from the pharynx through the diaphragm to the have (its about 10 inches/25 cm long). Before we get any further I should probably let you in on this one thing. The walls of the alimentary groove organs (esophagus to gargantuan intestine) are made up of basically the same types of tissue layers. The first would be mucosa, its the innermost layer. Its a wet membrane that lines the cavity (lumen). Mucosa has surface epithelium, a small amount of connective tissue and a bit of smooth muscle. Second we have submucosa which as you might be able to guess is found beneath the mucosa. Its basically a connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerve endings, lymphnodules and lymphatic vessels. Theres a muscle layer made up of an inner, circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of basically just smooth muscle cells, this is called the muscularis externa. Serosa is the outermost layer of the wall. This is a single layer of flat serous fluid that produces cells. Visceral Peritoneum makes slippery parietal peritoneum. Parietal peritoneum lines the abdominopelvic cavity by mesentery (way of a membrane extension). The walls also contain important intrinsic nerve plexus, I know your thinking you dont know what that is, to be honest neither am I. But I think it might be kind of important to know that there is two, the sub mucosal nerve and the myentreric nerve plexus. Theyre actually a transgress of the autonomic nervous system.There just there to regulate the mobility and secretory activity of GI (Gastrointestinal) tract organs. pic Alright, third stop. The go. It is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity. Here we will be hidden by the liver and diaphragm. There are a few places around the stomach you might want to stop and see. The first is the cardiac region, as you might guess it was named this due to its position near the heart. It surrounds the cardioesophageal sphincter which is where we will have entered the stomach. The fundus is the expand part, very roomy, you should probably stretch your legs here, move around.Its lateral to the cardiac region. The body then is the midportion and as it narrows it turns into the pyloric antrum. Then of course the funnel mold pylorus which is the part that is continuous with the small intestine. Interesting Facts about the Stomach Approx. 10 i nches Diameter depends on how much food its holding A full stomach can hold about 4 liters/1 gallon of food From the stomach we will enter the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter. This is the major digestive organ. It prepares usable food for the journey into the cells of the body.The small intestine is anywhere from 8 to 18 feet long in a living person. Its kind of a tube made of muscle and it just extends from where we entered to the ileocecal valve. At the small intestine there are three places I recommend taking a peak at. Duodenum means 12 finger widths long. Jejunum (empty) Ileum (twisted intestine) this also joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valve. Most of your food digestion occurs in the small intestine and it is more than qualified to do so. The walls of the small intestine have three structures that help tremendously with absorption.These three are the microvilli, villi, and circular folds. The microvilli are tiny projections of the plasma membra ne of the mucosa cells that make the cell surface look fuzzy. The villi are fingerlike projections they have a velvety appearance and also feel soft. This is where a lot of the absorption occurs. There are also circular folds that are deep folds of mucosa and submucosa layers. ?Villi Believe it or not by the time you are done looking around these three sites and seeing the microvilli, villi and circular folds we will be on our way already through the ileocecal valve to the large intestine.So grab your stuff and let us go take a look see. The Large Intestine Though its larger in diameter it is shorter than the small intestine. The large intestine runs about 5 feet long. These 5 feet are from the ileocecal valve to the anus. The main function of the large intestine is to dry out the food eternal rest that cannot be digested. It does this by absorbing water and eventually eliminates the residues from the body as feces. The large intestine is divided into 5 subdivisions. They are 1. Th e Cecum, its saclike and the first part of the large intestine. 2.The Appendix, which hangs from the cecum, its very wormlike and sometimes because of its shape it can cause issues like appendicitis. This happens when the appendix becomes inflamed. 3. The colon which has several regions that takes you through the coxa. 4. The rectum lies in the pelvis between the sigmoid colon and anus. 5. The anus, this is the part where feces exit the body. The anus is where our journey together will end. I hope you enjoy this journey through out the digestive system and come back to visit again real soon pic Without any further explanation, please follow me through the pharynx

Economic Systems Essay

The worlds economic organizations f all in all into one of four main categoriescustomal economyCapitalism economysocialist economy economyMixed economyHowever, in that respect be unlimited variations of each type.An economic system must define what to throw, how to produce it and for whom to produce it. Depending on the products produced and the environment, sure economic strategies will be more successful than othersTraditionalA tralatitious economic system is one in which each new extension retains the economic position of its parents and grandparents. Traditional economies depone on the historic success of social customs. South America, Asia and Africa support some traditional economies of thriving agricultural villages. Tradition decides what an individual does for his living, so industry, clothing and shelter are the same as in previous generations One of the few advantages existing in a traditional economy is that the roles of individuals are clearly defined. Every membe r of the society knows exactly what they are to do and most dont arrive at any complaints most it. There are also legion(predicate) disadvantages to this type of society.These societies are often very slow to change and when new technologies are introduced, these ideas and techniques are discouraged.Capitalism food grocery economies are based on consumers and their buying decisions rather than judicature control. Market trends and product popularity generate what businesses produce. The producers choose how to make products based on the most economically sound decision that might mean machine labor to save costs or human labor for specific skills. The buyers decide who gets which products by what they are willing to pay for what they want. Complete merchandise economies do not utilize price controls or subsidies and prefer less regulation of industry and production. Market decisions rely on supply and demand for pricing.Governments role is to create a stable economy for the ma rket to operate properly. The market system relies on many factors to ensure its success. The profit motive or incentive for a financial reward for enterprise stimulates production. Information regarding available products and services necessitate to be available to producers and consumers. Producers use the information to set accurate prices and procure supplies at the lowest cost. Price relates directly to the costs and benefits of product creation and use and call for profit. In recent years, market economies have been coming more and more popular. Three major examples of market economies are The United States, Japan, and France. There are many advantages to a market economy One major advantage is that market economies piece of ass adjust to change easily. If there is a demand for one thing, companies have the ability to change what they produce instead of having to go through too much government protocol first. Rational self interest in market economies are also encouraged. P eople have the ability to make as much gold as they can and do what is in their best interest. some other positive to market economies is that the government tries to stay out of the way of businesses.Although the government sets certain standards businesses must follow, for the most part businesses can do as they please, allowing them to produce what they want, how they want. A fourth advantage to the market economy is that there is a great variety of ripes and services for consumers. If there is a demand for a good or service, the demand will almost always be met in a market econom Although there are a lot of positives to market economies, there are also many negatives that go along with it too. One major problem with this type of economy is that it doesnt always provide the basic necessitate to everyone in the society. The weak, sick, disabled, and old sometimes have trouble providing for themselves and often slip into poverty.Another problem is that it becomes hard for a gov ernment with so many personal businesses to provide adequate defense, education, and health care to its people. A third disadvantage to this type of economy is that there is uncertainty in the business world. One connection could easily be forced out of business causing all of its employees to become unemployed and lose their means of income. The final major disadvantage is that on occasion there are market failures. This can cause some companies to become way to powerful and become amonopoly. If the government doesnt step in, the monopoly can take advantage of the consumers and charge ridiculously high prices kindismIn a command economy, the government controls all economic activity. One example of a command economy is communism.In a government-directed economy, the market plays little to no role in production decisions. want economies are less flexible than market economies and react slower to changes in consumer purchasing patterns and fluctuations in supply and demand Comman d economies have many advantages One advantage is that equality is focused on. The government tries to eliminate all private property and distribute its good equally. If done correctly no one is in poverty and no one is wealthier than another. Social services are also emphasized in this type of economy. The government will provide equal health care, education opportunities, and make sure all people are fed. A third advantage to this type of economy is that it is capable of rapid change for major problems. The government owns the companies, so if production needs need to be shifted into a different area, the government is capable of doing it rather quickly. A final major advantage of command economies is that they are very stable. Command economies will never have sudden depressions.Although command economies may seem like a utopian form of economics, they also have many disadvantages. In command economies there is very little freedom. The individual usually doesnt have the opportuni ty to decide what they want to do for a career, and they have no control over the goods they receive. Another major problem is that there is little reason for innovations, hard work, or quality of the work. Since no one makes more money than everyone else, the people feel like there is no reason to work hard. A third disadvantage is that there is little focus on consumer wants. Finally, when it comes to claw day-to-day changes, the government has a hard time cooping with them.Mixed EconomyA mixed economy combines qualities of market, command, and/or traditional systems into one. In many countries where uncomplete the government nor the business entities can maintain the economy alone, both sectors are integralto economic success. Certain resources are allocated through the market and others through the state. Theoretically, this system should be able to combine the best policies of both systems, but in practice the proportion government controls and response to market forces varie s.

H Entering Australia

Executive Summary Table of Contents Introduction Hennes and Mauritz (H&M) was prime(prenominal) established in 1947 and mystify since hit the ceilinged internation eachy and currently operate in 34 countries (H&M, 2009). As H&M continues to embroider every year, the following report has elect Australia as the new trade, where analysis has been conducted to provide H&M with recommendations of which trade entry method they should adopt and the threats and issues they must overcome to be able to succeed. 1. 0 Country Analysis AustraliaFor the purpose of this report H&M (Hennes & Mauritz) has chosen Australia as the exotic country in which they wish to enter and introduce their products. Australia is the largest island, however, is in any case the smallest continent in the world which is situated below mho East Asia (Department of in-migration and Citizenship, 2009). Being the half a dozenth largest nation on earth it also consists of six states and two territories with the lowest population density per square metre (REFERENCE).As it is practically impossible for H&M to enter the whole Australian commercialize simultaneously, H&M has, on that pointfore, chosen Melbourne as the first Australian state they wish to enter. There are galore(postnominal) reasons for choosing Australia and Melbourne in particular including Melbourne is the second largest ceiling city in Australia with a population of 3,634,200 (REFERENCE). Melbourne is renowned as the form capital of Australia, where the Melbourne Spring Fashion Week (MSFW) is one of the largest and most popular consumer fashion events in Australia (City of Melbourne, 2009).This whitethorn then make it easier for H&M to launch their products and also obtain brand awareness, as Melbournians are relatively fashion conscious. New business opportunity, since 2006 there has been a 15% growth in the fragment where issue female consumers are motiveing for low priced yet high choice and fashionable apparel (Euromonitor, 2009). Australia has a similar country profile as previous countries H&M has successfully entered and launched its product. Hence, H&M appears to have preliminary knowledge and experience in expanding internationally into a Western country. 1. 0Product Analysis Hennes and Mauritz (H&M) was founded by Erling Persson in Vasteras, Sweden, in 1947. It was initially known as Hennes, which is the Swedish excogitate for hers, as the friendship only sold women clothing. Persson buyd Mauritz Widforss a small sporting apparel company and since then formed Hennes and Mauritz (REFERENCE). The company now operates in 34 countries including Germany, France, Hong Kong, USA and the UK. H&M continues to expand internationally where they expanded into the Japanese market in 2008 and will further expand into Russia and Lebanon by the end of 2009 and Israel and South Korea in 2010 (H&M, 2009).The core concept of H&M is to provide fashionable products at the lowest price possible, to c ompete with expensive department barge ins. H&M has 6 main product lines which include Women diverse range of apparel spanning from basic sportswear to corporate and party garments. Men includes tailored garments such as jackets to fashionable apparel that reflect the latest trends. Children is divided into three categories babies, children and H&M Young which is aimed at children up to the age of 14. Divided quarryed at teenagers and young adult, which offers fashion with a young look with creative designs that reflect those of the latest trends. &denim Jeans provides both traditional five-pocket jeans to the trendiest cuts. Accessories H&M also produces its own footwear, handbags, jewelry and even cosmetics. It should also be noted that H&M does not own manufacture any products, instead they rely on over 700 main(a) suppliers primarily in Asia and Europe which enables them to select the best supplier (H&M, 2008). 3. 0 Market SegmentsWith the diverse range of product li nes, it appears that H&M has the ability to target different market segments simultaneously, this is reasonably difficult to achieve. Therefore, for the purpose of this report, two specific market segments have been selected and profiled to provide an overview of which segments H&M should specially target when introduction in Melbourne. 3. 1 Profile One Womens outwear segment The foremost market segment that H should target would be the womens outerwear segment which includes all garments from tops to blouses to jackets (REFERENCE).Main reason being, this market segment is reasonably profitable with a Retail Value of over $3000 million (Refer to figure XX), where women have traditionally been the dominate consumer in the clothing and footwear industry (REFERENCE). However, there appears to be a new friendly trend where men are becoming much(prenominal) than fashion-minded and are also looking for cheaper options (REFERENCE). In recent times, there has been a change in prefere nce for young women, where they do not only drive for high quality yet fashionable products, it must also be low priced (REFERENCE).H&M should then be able to target this segment, as the companys core concept coincides with this new trend. Where Hs womens clothing are designed for women of all ages who are fashion minded, where its product line includes everything from modern basics to tailored classics, sportswear, mformer(a)liness clothes and cutting-edge fashion. (H, 2008, pg. 17). However, for the purpose of this report and to make it easier to target, the primary segment will be young women aged(a) 18 to 24, while the secondary segment will be women aged 25 to 40. . 2 Profile Two Childrenswear The second market that H should consider targeting once the womens outerwear market has been successfully targeted would be Childrenswear in Australia, as figure XX illustrates the steady make up in the market share of childrenswear in Australia (REFERENCE). There are many reasons to the growth of the childrenwears market share this may be because Australians are choosing to have fewer children (REFERENCE). In addition, household isposable incomes have increased providing, the key buyer more often than not mothers, will be more willing to acquire good quality childrenwears at a low price. Therefore, H intensive range of children clothing which caters from infants to children aged up to 14, should be able to target the childrenwears market in Australia. Where the concepts for the childrens clothing are made to be fashionable, practical and hard-wearing (H, 2009). 4. 0 Culture main office Country, Foreign Country and club Culture Each and every country, city and company will have its own distinct culture.There are many definitions of culture where Fletcher and Brown, 2009 has defined culture as prescriptive of behaviour that are acceptable to bulk in a specific communitylearnedpeople are born into a culturedynamic becauseour behaviour influences the cult ure and culture is subjective (Fletcher and Brown, 2009, pg. 76). It is crucial for H to have understandings of the culture of the home country, foreign country and also the companys culture. Main reason being, ethnic differences play an important role in launching and establishing H as effective competitor in the Australian market. . 1 Swedish Culture The Swedish culture is typically perceived as egalitarian, simple and open to international influences (REFERENCE). This may be cause due to the predominance of the Social Democratic Party where it promotes the culture of equality, pluralism and individual freedom (REFERENCE). As the Swedish culture is relatively similar to the S nookydinavian, it can be assumed as a low context cultural country in contrast to Australia. Low context culture can be classified as messages are mostly explicit and the words covey most of the meaning in the communication (Fletcher and Brown, 2009, pg. 88). Meaning in Sweden people generally communicat es through words and do not place emphasis on non-verbal cues. Therefore, this culture may affect business negotiations between Sweden and Australians, due to the differences in cultural context, where Australians rely more on body language and facial expressions (REFERENCE). In regards to the fashion culture, Sweden is greatly influenced by European fashion, where there is a strong togged up up working mans culture (REFERENCE). 4. 2 Australian CultureIt is relatively difficult to identify and analyse Australian culture, in comparisons to other countries, as Australia is newly formed country and is a predominantly multicultural society where it consists of different races and ethnic groups (Live in Victoria, 2009). However, there are gradual changes to social trends which may become part of the Australian culture (REFERENCE). Similar to Sweden, Australia also has a low cultural context, yet in contrast, Australians appear to place more emphasis on non-verbal cues. Relating this to the Australian clothing culture, Australians generally dress in business attire during business hours.Though outside of working hours, Australians tend to require clothing that is comfortable such as track suit pants and a loose fitted t-shirt, in comparison to a pair of jeans and jacket (Department of Immigration and Citizenship). This is an important factor H must take into consideration, as this will directly affect the products and marketing strategies used to target the market segments. For instance, as Australia appears to have a laidback culture, it would probably suit the market more if H was able to launch products that suited the Australian culture and preferences. . 3 H Culture Company culture can be defined as a system of values and beliefs shared by people in an organisation the companys collective identity and meaning (Fletcher and Brown, 2009, pg. 334). As stated on the official H website, the company believes its employees, teamwork, working at a face past and c easelessly improving (H, 2009). This suggests that H appears to have a relatively open, carefree and energetic company culture, where it strongly promotes open communication between managers and their employees (H, 2009).In addition, H is a firm believer of non-discrimination where all qualified applicants are given equal opportunities regardless of any characteristics including, race, religion, sexual orientation, sex, age marital status or disability. The company culture of H should not cause any implications when entering the Australian market. However, it may cause implications when international marketing strategies does not coincide with the companys culture, as strategies are designed to accommodate the companys culture and not vice versa (REFERENCE). 5. Economic Factor The Australian economy has recently experient a market downturn where economic factors such as consumer confidence and disposable income will have a direct and indirect impact on the market entry and success of H in the Australian market. ?Gross Domestic Production (GDP) The GDP for Australia has been relatively flat in 2009, where there is no significant growth, however, there is an anticipated growth of 0. 5% in 2010 and with the recession ceasing there should be gradual growth of 3. 25% in 2011 (ANZ, 2009). ?Interest placeIn recent times, the interest rate has continued to drop, where in 2009, the nominal interest rate had dropped by 3% (Refer to Figure 2. 0 in Appendix). As interest rates are low Australians are discouraged from depositing money in the banks as it does not generate interest. ?Household Income From figure XX and XX the equivalised disposable household income for Australians appears to have gradually increased. For instance in 1995-96 there were 11% of total income categorised as being low income, however, in 2007-08, this had fall to 10. 1%. While there has been a significant increase of high income earners, from 37. % in 1994-95 and 40. 5% in 2007-08 (ABS, 2009). Overall, the Australian economy appears to be reasonably magnetic as both GDP and equivalent disposable household income have increased, which suggests that consumers have more money and are more likely to spend and purchase consumer goods which include clothing and footwear. Therefore, H should take advantage of this consumer confidence and enter the Australian market rapidly as consumer currently have the ability to purchase more consumer goods that are not considered to be a necessity. 6. 0 Competitors AnalysisEven though the clothing and footwear industry in Australia is viewed to be an charismatic market to enter, there does appear to have intense competition (REFERENCE competitive). Referring to figure XX, there is no dominant market leader in the Australian market however, there are a number of brands who have take ined substantial brand share, such as Just Jeans (1. 9%) and Jays Jays (2%) respectively (REFERENCE). All brands operating in the clothing and footwear indus try could be considered as H competitor, however, Just Jeans and Jay Jays are the two most similar brands compared to H.Where they have also identified the demand for fashionable yet low priced products, therefore, all three companies have similar product offerings and also customer profiles. Hence, to successfully enter and establish H in the Australian market, it would be essential to have sound knowledge of competitors and spring up core competencies such as designs that are exclusion and is able to differentiate H from other similar brands (REFERENCE). 7. 0 Social Trends Sizes Overall, both Australian men and womens body weight has gradually increased in recent times.However, as the primary segment for H are young women aged between 18 to 24, only the body weight of women will be discussed. From previous surveys conducted there appears to be a steady increase of the average weight of women from 62. 6kg in 1989-90 to 67. 7kg in 2004-05 (ABS, 2009). From figure XX there also ap pears to be considerable increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI), where there are less women classified as being normal weight, while there are more women who are overweight and obese.As a result of this increase in body weight, the dress size as also increased from size 12 to size 14. Hence, to accommodate to this increase in weight, most clothing brands have now introduced larger sizes for instance, Portmans now has size 16 as part of their sample dress size (REFERENCE). Therefore, to ensure that H is able to compete with other competitors it would be essential for them to manufacture products that are the suitable size for Australian women. 8. 0 ConclusionIn conclusion, this report has thoroughly analysed a variety of factors to identify the attributes and threats of the Australian market in relation to the launch of H. Taken as a whole Australia appears to be an attractive market which consists of a stable economy and high consumer confidence. Where H is able to use these attrib utes to help them better penetrate and expand in the Australian market. In contrast, many threats were also identified including cultural differences, changes in social trends and also intense competition.It is absolutely essential for H to gain thorough understanding of the threats and furthermore the business and social environment of the Australian market. Main reason being, H will then be able to develop specific marketing strategies to address and overcome these issues to successfully enter and become a market leader of the womens outerwear segment in the Australian clothing and footwear industry. 9. 0 Recommendations. From previous analysis Australia and the city of Melbourne in particular appears to be a possible market for H to enter and expand into.Therefore, the following recommendations are written in correspondent to the threats and issues identified in the conclusion and throughout the report. Market Entry Option Direct Exporting It is suggested that H adopts a direct exporting method to enter the Australian market. Direct exporting can be identified as the firm itself contacts the buyers overseas and every sells direct to the end-user (Fletcher and Brown, 2009, pg. 290).Mainly because this is the market entry option H are experienced in using and is also one of the most commonly used method. As it is relatively simple to operate and provides the company with more control over the operation of the business. Adapting to Australian fashion culture Style and Size For H to succeed and be able to obtain market share, the company must adapt to the Australian fashion culture and the physical body size of Australians. Therefore,H is recommended to use product development strategies where they manufactured products that suit the Australian market. Suitable store location Chadstone Shopping Centre Finding a suitable store location also plays an important role to the launch of H in Melbourne. Therefore, Chadstone Shopping Centre is suggested as a suitab le store location for the first H store to be established. Main reason being, the shopping centre is well-known and has a solid customer base, which makes obtaining brand awareness easier.

The Crucible- Fear Causes Irrationality

Fear Causes Irrationality A government requires very delicate balances the slightest hindrance will cause it to come crashing down. For example, governments must have a balance between their determine and their proneness to make things happen. In 1933 Germanys balance was disrupted when Adolf Hitler became chancellor. He tipped the scale away from values and morals, and eventually led to the clangor of a previously great country. Examples can be found passim history of governments and leaders falling, after their balances are tipped.In capital of Oregon, 1692, the balance between fear and rationality was disrupted, causing the collapse of the capital of Oregon court and its leaders. In his forgather, The Crucible, Arthur Miller exhibits how fear causes irrationality and can destroy the credibility of a government finished the fall of the Salem court during the enamor hysteria. Fear of the remonstrate, and those who comp corresponded with him, effect each somebody either dire ctly or indirectly in The Crucible, whether or non they believed in the trials. Those who do not support the court are affected indirectly by the people around them, who are in hysterics and accusing innocent people of witchcraft.John Proctor is disgusted with the religious leaders who are directing the witch trials. Proctor is expressing his thoughts of corruption among them when he exclaims (Miller 1212), God is dead Proctor is denouncing the church leaders, saying that God is absent, or dead, in their minds and lives. The quote exhibits how the witch trials have affected Proctor. They have caused him to lose what little respect he had for characters affiliated with both the court and the church, such as Hawthorne, Danforth, and especially Paris.The lives of most people in Salem are organism monopolized by the fear of witches, and those who are not afraid of the witches are afraid of being accused of witchcraft. Salem is being call forthd by fear this fear is causing the people of Salem to act irrationally and illogically. At the start of The Crucible Betty Paris is very ill, and Abigail is about to be accused of reprobation her in the woods. After Tituba confesses to witchcraft Abigail panics and does the same by proclaiming (1156), I involve to open myself . . . I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of JesusI danced for the cod I saw him, I wrote in his book I go back to Jesus I kiss His hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil If a somebody in Salem is accused of witchcraft and is found guilty they will be hanged. Abigail, in an effort to save herself and place blame upon anothers shoulders, admits to compacting with the Devil and accuses other women of the same. Titubas confession shows Abigail a way to save herself from accusations, and Abigails example leads the other girls to chime in.It is illogical that by admitting to witchcraft and accusing others Abigail is exonera ted of her crimes. It is Abigails fear of being punished for a crime she did not commit that drives her to act illogically, by confessing to the crime of witchcraft. The mens fear of the Devil leads the court to dedicate Abigail and the other girls, even though they are admitting to the most heinous of crimes. Due to its fear the court is irrationally being lead by a band of scared young girls. Irrational and rash decisions of the Salem court cause its loss of credibility, among important members of the corporation, and its eventual collapse.Elizabeth Proctor was taken from her home with very little, comforting evidence against her, besides an accusation by Abigail. Proctor, Nurse, and Giless wives are arrested in a similar way. They go to the court to present a defense for them. While they are pleading their wives innocence, Hawthorne announces, You must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no pathway between. This is a sharp m, now, a precise time, (1194). The members of the court believe it is a very delicate time in Salem and they need all people to support them to weed out the Devil.Hawthorne is claiming that by providing a defense the men are attacking the court. This illogical reasoning of the court causes the three men of highschool status to lose all faith in it. At this point during Millers play people begin to realize the court is flawed they see the hysteria has caused more harm to the community then good. This marks the lowest point of the court. The irrational and illogical court no longer is doing its duty to protect its people, but rather it is harming them. Miller explains through his play, The Crucible, how fear spread like a plague during the witch hysteria of 1692.People began to act irrationally due to their fears this irrationality and illogical reasoning spread through Salem, even into the governing court. The witch hysteria eventually leads to the crash the court in Sa lem. Fear of the Devil lights a fire of irrationality and hysteria in Salem that rages throughout the town causing sanatorium and consuming the governing body until all that is left is ash.? Works Cited Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. 2012. Prentice Hall Literature The American Experience. Ed, Grand, Wiggins. Boston Person Lit. 1123-213. Print

Actual Story Gay Edgar Allen Poe

Although he is keep an eye onn as a respect De mason, and possibly even taboo feared, fortunate quite immense motivation for my touch and my Tate notion was ultimately his weakness. I turned and said to him My Dear girdunate, is in that location something that troubles you? You, he said. What precisely are we doing? We are merely relishing each others company. Wish to not chit-chat of this sill once that fell upon us, tester 2 My Friendl mean, what is this relationship, this immoral act we have been pr acting for the last few years?Fortunate questi angiotensin converting enzymed forcefully with a longing desire of need on his beet red count and tense shoulders. I ga thered my wits and gingerly walked everywhere to Fortunate s eat. Grabbed his kinda clammy hands and grazed my lips across his knuckles while everlasting(a) pro foundry into his mound wondering eyes that reflected the wild dark roots thrusting against the summers forest. I could see the large vein on his pe tite fore proposition throb as the thoughts of our re storage allocation flourished in his top dog.He was not mentally prepared to overcome such a scandal, and n either was l, solely it was he who held the guilt of betraying the marriage he built with Lady Fortune tat close to heart. Fortunate, there is no need to cause yourself any agony. There is no need to I k for meat in this amour. This affair doesnt reduce your StatUS as a respected a ND serious mason in a flash, gather yourself up and make your journey to yourself. This involve moment between us is ours just Carr Fortunate broke his gaze and looked down at his settled hands.He sat there, unmoving. For a moment it seemed as though he was in war with his conflicting thought s, unsure of what there was to come. He at long last rose his head and looked at me with somewhat Of contentment in his eyes. l see where we root, Mentors. Will now leave. My dear bloody shame will be cusps socio if I were to delay much longer. Unt il next clock m, MIM Carr As Fortunate left the chamber, I let the seductive facade fall from my face. Oh r amatory expressed from one side. Oh how despised that manHow my blood boiled at the thought of 3 him returning to his beloved Mary She should be mine She was mine. For loved her still do and always will till I am long dead and foul-smelling and the worms have consume De my flesh. Reminisce on the time I met the beamy Mary Perpetrators. We were mere chill drew at the time, not even 16 years of age, and her face was filled with youthful, elegant b tatty. When she was near, there was no one but us, my Mary Bella and l, as though we were al one in a kingdom by IL Mar Mediterranean.She was my queen, and I was her king, and we had 10 Veda with a love hat was the envy of all the seraphim of Deaden, a love that was conglomerate. Unfortunately, I didnt possess the monetary level that Fortunate had the privy age to sustain. Fortunate was recrudesce of the wealthiest banking famil y in Italy, and l, well l, I was part of the strongest mercenary contracting family. As much as the Mentors family pro ducted manors and provinces from regional princes throughout the Italian countryside, the Fort NATO family was far more distinguished than the Mentors due to their fiscal assistance.I fell t queasy that such a wealthy and blessed family held the low standards of committing fraud where ere their petty foot stepped. For this reason, my Mary was sold to that accursed loose woman Fortunate Although no one could rightfully and obviously accuse the Fortunate Family of such treachery, it was common association across manors and villages that the Fort mutton paid and received monetary favors to secure funds for princes and their regional warrior Eng, as well as bishops and their divine propaganda all for security and communion.I peers anally was never involved in these schemes, but time and time again, I subtly chuckled at the m softness of others when attending the cathe dral, dining hall, or local winery. Specially cackled when Princes Achilles defrauded Princes Bonaventure, of course with the help of the Fortune tats. Prince Bonaventure was a gentleman to a certain degree, but indeed again he was juju nee. In truth, any man 4 with a sliver of art would have taken advantage of Bonaventure finance al impediment.Oh the insignificance, the ignorance, and the idolatry of princes The shame cast on our socio-economic class For it is the humble peasant that outclasses the local prince in character, but who y is character necessary when wealth, warring, and wills craft the nevertheless noticeable characters as suddenly startled, and almost spit my Amaretto in disgust once realizing Prince De Boring showily slithered in the winery. Of course, the rest of the gentle men and mercenaries jolted with great delight to see a declamatory prince, a locomotelled war ROR, and charismatic countryman.De Boring owned numerous estates, and every wine do in HTH s vulnerably was techni send fory his. He would fence and go horseback riding twain hours everyday, t here lavish parties every other week, and always found Ways to make financial transactions even as his mistresses purloined amounts of wealth in coinage or capital. As not in the least afraid of him, but any sign of dissent or digressiveness of De Barrios attention would ignite a brawl between the dandies at the winery and Prince De Boring and l. As much as my combat ski ASS were polished, would be outnumbered thirty to one. Loud die as a martyr to my waning f Emily, but not to those princes I have served and honored and neither to those mercenaries t hat I assure and compensated. As I was reminiscing those thoughts, Prince De Boring slammed his flask of A amaretto on my table, nearly shattering the flask itself. l see You are the pitiful Mentors, lull ? De Boring chuckled. l see You are the parasitic De Boring, time quietly retorted as I sipped my flask of Amaretto. 5 He he, you have remotely sharpened your diplomacy. I just came by to invite et you to the Masons festivity tonight.We will have copious amounts of wine and liquor r, appetizer, entrees, and desserts, and book courtesans. Promise with what little heart I h eve that it will not be a snare to bring your demise, or worse, publicize your fencing affair, even if I consider you such scrap under the trampling of the snake of your pathetic family crest. You wouldnt dare. And you know your insignificant crest is simply a salvo mouse hyena pretending to be in a lions skin. My pathetic snake as you should call him, would deliver the final blow, even if you were to believe that you would have the last laugh. Slowly felt the tension in the live increase as myriad conversations ceased, flasks ceased to be lifted up to sip, and blades slowly began to whisk away from thee r sheaths. Oh, I almost forgot. Fortunate treating us. You should entrust Fortunate wit h some contracts, or should I say en thrust Wi th that final mockery I instantaneously, with the flick of my wrist, withdrew y brand name from my sheath faster than Poseidon wouldve waved his trident to whish a TTS unman to strand Ulysses. I held De Boring by his bring up with the sharp edge of my sword. I whish e red, l strongly suggest you leave.NO one here, curiously l, requires your service. Not even your family crest belongs on your property, if it still belongs to you. You surely jest. Such alliterated fascia you AR talent have lost consciousness for a second as a dark red fluid, dripped on m y blade and squirted on my attire. I then realized that sliced the neck of Prince De Borg a. Immediately, everyone in the winery from the dandies to the princes to the mercenaries t o the peasants drew their blades, and some even drew their firearms. I had no discover to speak as a barrage Of lead, 6 clouds of gunpowder, and shrieks of agony pierced throughout the winery.I r vapidly dropped to the floorboards of the winery under my table, with my bloodied blade in one hand and my halfpenny flask of Amaretto in another, directly staring at the disillusioned eye sees of Prince De Boring as a pool of blood engulfed his rotten being. After a few minutes of vicious brawling, the winery was returned to a placid SST et by my mercenaries set there. Fortunately, I survived the bloody turmoil in the w inner. No one dared to accuse me, Mentors, of my felony, for they knew they would be lunged b y my mercenaries into a bog.Of course, Fortunate had to bribe a few dandies and princes, but then again, that was his specialty. I was to see Fortunate tonight at the Masons festivity at Prince De Barrios manor, or shall I say former manor. For an abstruse reason, I was bloodstream as I began to ruminate a possible course of events at the festivity. past again, no one would d know what fencing .NET between Fortunate and I, for I killed Prince De Boring, and was proud of such an act as my honor was preserved. De Boring never took my crest seriously, but Oh what delight What classical badinage What classical ignoranceMemo me immune laciest Memo Me immune laciest I delivered the final blow, and De Boring, such insignificant, insipid, idolatrous, ignominious, imbecile, did not even attempt t o cough a last laugh, or shall I say as a toast to De Boring, cough, a last inning laugh. I cleaned my blade upon his cloak with relish and kicked his head as I left to go to Fortunate Mason party The night of debauchery had wasted on for what seemed like eons. Quickly gar ewe tired of Fortunate and his Mason brethren. Their drunken antics became more and m ore glutinous and disgusting, their personas becoming more clamorous and derisive.I feigned into caution to keep 7 the reality of my pain muted. Within a few hours, the air of the hall had beck mom thick with the vices of the Masons. Joined Fortunate, continuing my spoof of drunkenness s in order to not arouse suspicion of my sobriety. Fortunate was speaking lo udly, his voice slur ring and bubbling out of his wine soaked mouth. He could hardly speak for himself, rather the eel as think like a gentlemen around others. The conversation was turned towards the conquests of the men. Fortunate spoke of numerous women who he had affair with in his youth.I felt my sizzling blood rush through my head and into my palms as I thought of Mary being one of those unfortunate women Not being able to stand it anymore, I grabbed his arm and said, Think of Mar y, my friend. Mary is not here, you Old chum. Fortunate raised his grouch and chuckled, Eel tutus reminisce upon the great times I had before chew assaulting came along, yes? Hoped my bothered presence would position his mind straight, I hoped that he would shut his bloody awful mouth and reflect upon the fact that he had the totally HTH Eng that gave me air as I drowned in this judgmental society.Mary was the exactly thing that kept m e together, she held me like cement and allowed me to become something more than just the son Of two hardworking servants. How could Fortunate check her to the ordinary women of our to wan, it was uncanny to hear such brainless words. He continued to baffle about his great conquest, and gloated with pride in his eyes as he named a few ladies who mistakenly took his mingled words for affection. Co old not stand in that room full of men who felt as if the only significant thing in that moment was to speak of the 8 women who had the misfortune of meeting them. Shed myself out of the basement arranging my hands along the mature wooden rail that kept me from falling. Looked above to the substantiate sky, searched for something to gain my attention a ND possess my body from going back to the smoky room and committing a terrible mists eke. In the mere distance I heard someone delicately ingeminate my name from their lips. Metronomes? Fortunate placed the almost empty glass of wine on the FL or and strolled towards my direction. Did something go wrong, chum?

Batman: the Dark Knight Film Analysis

Batman The Dark Knight Batman The Dark Knight directed by Christopher Nolan is non-stop action thriller that continu altogethery did the unexpected. The film is based mop up of the original Batman comic book further to boot changes the perception of the everyday world as well to natur whollyy bad. Through come in the movie, Batman stands for h 1sty and goodness speckle the jokester is a figureism of chaos and evil. Both sides be forced to make quick-witted decisions in order to stop the opposing vigilante from doing his desired work. The citizens of Gotham argon mystify in the heart of this detail and feel obligated to go against their set to stop the chaos.Numerous commonwealth habitually pursue their dreams and values yet often become blinded from their true intentions by the world they exist in. To understand the experimental condition the citizens of Gotham are placed in we must source understand each side they are organism pulled from. First is the good side, repre sented by Batman/Bruce Wayne and played by Christian Bale. He stands for everything good and has one personal rule as a superhero that pr stock-stillts him from killing any person. Batman believes the law must punish the illegal so he stays in the shadows of the night. The law depends on Batman to do the work they legally can non do.So Batman makes it possible for the law to easily come across these criminals notwithstanding when they run beyond national borders. These unlawful acts committed by Batman are easily looked past due to bright light ever so touch him. There are many candidates in which the lighting shows the goodness of Mr. Wayne. His underground office wear all his superhero work is done has a ceiling purely of bright white lights. No other blow up in the movie has this much lighting. Also, the bright Batman light on top of the building is a symbol of good around the city. When the light is shinning many criminals second guess crimes they save always committed.F urthermore, Bruce Wayne is always feeling finished the windows in his home that radiate with natural light. Batmans suit may be all told black moreover this is in order to be a stealth hero through the night. When spirit closer at these night time vistas each one consists of Batman standing in the disconsolateness but always with a very bright light somewhere nearby. Secondly is the bad side, represented by the Joker and played by Heath Ledger. From first sight of the Joker you know he is wicked. He wears a purple suit coat, green vest, green tie, and a patterned gray shirt. His hair is always a mess and black make-up surrounds his eyes.These are all dark colors but they are not to hide in the darkness of the night such as Batmans outfit. He is not trying to hide he wants to prove people how evil he genuinely is. The Joker in addition has a piercing voice that is not forgotten combined with an evil laugh that shows his true ecstasy. He has no limits and thrives to do the un expected just to see how people will react. Christopher Nolan begins this movie with ordinary people wearing a Joker mask while they are robbing a bank. Each member of this kinfolk is shot after they do their part of their job until the real Joker becomes the last one standing.This first scene in the film is pure evil and captivates the audience quickly although I believe the managing director is trying to create early signs of symbolism. These ordinary men believe if they wear this Joker mask they are some how something they never could be on their get. The next scene also symbolizes something similar to the robbery scene but on the opposite side of the spectrum. The the vulgar is meeting when all of a sudden nine-fold want-to-be batmen try to engage in the action to stop the wickedness. They too are wearing costumes and masks just analogous Batmans creating a clear relation between the outfit and super military personnel power.The real Batman even states at the end of this s cene when asked what is the difference between him and the other phony batmen, I am not wearing hockey pads Early in the film it is evident people are trying to be something they are not causing themselves pain and in even some cases death. If the fake batmen wouldnt have worn that attire they would have never stood up to the mob and created the clash that the real Batman was forced to fix. The abilities of the both vigilantes in the city captivated many people and they starting forgetting who they really were. The city in Gotham is in chaos.They no long-acting know what they stand for and are starting to wonder if fighting evil is, in fact, creating more evil. One man who stands strong even when the public is second-guessing is Harvey Dent played by Aaron Eckhart. He is the new district attorney and is respected by the entire city for stopping corruption all over the town. He is a clean-shaven man with blonde hair and blue eyes who presents himself as a very proper man. This mis e en scene proves that this man is a good man. If he were unshaven, had dark eyes, and dark hair it would be hard to consider him a truly good man.The director realizes this may not be true with everyone but it is a typical stereotype in our society today. As the movie goes on the enemy, who is forcing him to second-guess his values, tests him time and time again. Being an honest man is no longer putting criminals away they are always one step ahead. By the end of the film, the Joker crushes Harveys values and blinds him from what his true goals were in life. His two-sided face shows this visually after being burned in the explosion. Also, Harvey has a coin with a head printed on both sides. This coin never can territory on tails but Harvey claims to people, I make my own pile.This symbolizes his values and how he believes he can accomplish anything at this point in the movie. After an explosion kills his girlfriend, he reclaims the coin but one side of the coin is now completely black. Harvey at this point, mad at the world, flips the coin to put others life up to chance. He no longer says he will make his own luck the coin flip is now up to chance. The worldly things in life ruined Harvey to the point that he becomes better off dead. Once the noblest man in the city, Harvey Dent becomes caught between choosing the law or his own way in order to bring to an end wrongdoings.Alongside Harvey are the commissioner and the city police department. They too are uncertain of how to stop the turmoil in the city of Gotham. They are put directly in the middle between choosing Batmans side or the Jokers side, which is pure evil but made very appealing through his trickery. Members of the police department are overwhelmed with life and corruption floods through them. Some could use an extra few dollars here and there to have the easy way out but they failed to realize that taking shortcuts would always catch up to them in the end.The once good cops of Gotham soon can n o longer be trusted due to the Joker blinding their true values. non only are the once good people of Gotham confused, the mob is also. Due to all the imprisonment of mob leaders there wasnt anyone on top of the streets. Criminals no longer knew whom they were working(a) for or what they were working for. This is visually shown in the movie when the Joker burns all of the money that had been stolen by the mob earlier. He claims the money is not what brings the mob together it is the brutality and wrongdoing throughout the city. The entire movie is alter with a confused mob.Even from the beginning the mob does not know what to do with their money or what criminal action to take next. The greatest visual symbolism in the movie is the Jokers mask. It is often mistaken that good is happiness when really the evil is hiding underneath. The Jokers opus is white symbolizing purity and good along with his smile that is scarred into the sides of his lips. All the pain the Joker is feeling inside is covered by this phony smile and pure colored face. He even states an example of this when describing how he got the scars of his face, why so serious? The Joker does not know who he really is or what he is trying to do. He is in confusion just as the rest of the city. other illustration of visual symbolism is the boat scene toward the end of the movie. There are two ships, shore leave and Freedom, each having a completely different set of individuals. In this scene the director portrays the natural human and the confusion in each of us. Did they not blow up the other ship because they cared for others or were they fright for their own sake? This proves once again that this city is in confusion and is blinded from the chaos that is happening. fortuitously there were a few people who stood up for their values at this critical time and proven to everyone else that values will stand the test of time if you stay true to them. Each character in this movie had goals and value s, whether it was to take crime off the streets, create chaos, or just be a good human being. When things didnt go as planned or as usual these characters became tested to do what was right. Many fell to what they never wanted to be while Batman stayed strong throughout time. In the scene where Batman and the Joker are in the interrogation room and Batman is ready to kill.It is not an accident that the lighting is so bright. It reminds Batman what he stands for even in the darkest times and keeps him from breaking his one and only rule. He could have terminate everything there with one punch but knew taking the short cut would not pay off in the end. This is what makes Batman the true superhero of the movie. We must put our wants and needs behind what is right in many situations in life in order to truly reach our goals. Bibliography Nolan, Christopher, Dir. Batman The Dark Knight. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Warner Bros 2008, Film.

Vannah

Two hundred and six days ago, high officials of two nations deliberately turned 5,000 square miles of Southwest Louisiana into a safe condom for violent sorrys who flocked to it from all over the young nation. This is how it happened. In 1803, the united States had compensable France $15 million to throw overboard its claim to 828,00 square miles of prop up in the brand-new the States. It was called the Louisiana purchase, but we TLD actually buy the land. America and France both claimed the land, and e paid France SSL 5 million to abandon its claim, leaving us as sole owners of the land.When the Louisiana Purchase was announced, Spain protested, saying France had no right to include a 5,000-square-mile strip of land in what is now Southwest Louisiana in the Louisiana Purchase. Spain said the land had been found by Spanish explorers and claimed for Spain. We argued that the Louisiana Purchase was history and we wouldnt try to change It. Spain said It wanted its land. The argum ent got hotter. When both sides hinted they exponent use military force to support their claims, lore but not wiser heads stepped in.The cool heads suggested that the disputed land be set forth and belong to nobody until ownership was decided by peaceful negotiation. some(prenominal) America and Spain liked the idea. Thus was born the torpid ecdysiast. The disputed land being put aside was bound on the West by the Sabine River in eastern Texas. It was bound on the East by El Arroyo, the Spanish name for what is now the Calcifies River. It was bound on the South by the disconnectedness of Mexico, and on the North by the 32nd parallel, which was near Southeast in Red River Parish.The Neutral Strip included all or portions of the present Louisiana parishes of De Sotto, Sabine, Nuthatches, Vernon, Rapider, Beauregard, Allen, Calcifies,Jefferson Davis and Cameron. The rules or the Neutral Strip were simple I For whatever time it took to peacefully negotiate ownership, the disputed land would belong to nobody. I Nobody would be allowed to live on the disputed land, which would also be off-alms or anyone In the military or justness enforcement. I Since the Neutral strip would have no Inhabitants, there was no need for laws, ordinances, ales or regulations.The Neutral Strip opened in 1806, and the response was immediate. The strip became known as No Mans consume, and it seemed that every criminal in our young nation heard of it and moved into No Mans Land. Squatters took over land uninvited. It seemed that anybody who asked got grants from Spain for small tracts of land. romp slaves sought refuge there. Convicts who escaped from prison disappeared Into No Mans Land. So did military deserters , criminals sought for smuggling black-market goods, murderers, robbers, counterfeiters and rapists.Bands left No Mans Land to rob trade caravans, then disappeared again in No Mans Land. former(a) bands left long enough to rob homes and businesses before returning and m elting into the lawless crowds in No Mans Land. Even joint military units hesitated before entering No Mans Land. Two raids, in 1812 and 1816, netted fewer arrests and caused little Interruption of criminal activities. Inside the strip, there Land kept loaded guns in their houses. A curious mind-set developed that was copied years later by lawmen in some cities.The feeling was that having the batter elements of society gathered into one area created more safety in other parts of the city or parish. The same mind-set that led to red light districts and allowed criminals to congregate in specific areas of a city or parish. There were several roads across the 50-mile width of the strip that retained the Spanish names of Camino Real (Royal Road) which became routes of terror for traders. Some traders skirted No Mans Land to the South by using schooners to trickle goods to Galveston and other Texas ports for distribution.To the North, traders skirted No Mans Land by going through upp er Red River Parish. After 13 years of crime and violence in No Mans Land, relief came from an unexpected source. The Adams-Ions Treaty of 1819, known as the transcontinental Treaty, was a pact between the United States and Spain. It was mainly directed at Florida. Under the agreement, we paid Spain $5 million and Spain withdrew its claim on Florida. In what was considered a lesser clause in the Transcontinental Treaty, Spain also gave up its claim on any land in Louisiana. With that silent stroke, No Mans Land died.

Case Study on Calculous Cholecystitis Essay

I.IntroductionA. Concepts in nutrition, medical nutrition therapy, and organ systems concerned provisions is the contract of diet in intercourse to health. The Food and Nutrition Council of the Ameri bay window medical examination Association defined nutrition as the science of fare, the nutrients and new(prenominal) substances therein, their action, interaction and balance in relation to health and disease, and the processes by which the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excrete food substances.Nutrition is as well concerned with the physiologic need of the body in terms of specific nutrients, the means of supplying these nutrients by dint of adequate viandss, and the make of tribulation to meet nutrient needs. In this similar viewpoint, nutrition is also concerned with the social, economic, cultural, and psychological implications of food and eating. Nutrition follows the four basics concepts, namely 1.) Adequate nutrition is essential for h ealth. 2.) Food items ar classified check to content in terms of majority of nutrients, broadly classified as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and water and are compulsory daily in the diet of humans. 3.) An adequate diet is the foundation of good nutrition, and it should consist of a great variety of natural foods. 4.) Nutrients should be provided pre builded in food, whereas a few whitethorn be synthesized within the body. 5.) Nutrients are interrelated and there should be metabolic balance in the body. 6.)The body constituents are in a dynamic state of equilibrium. 7.) Human essentials for certain nutrients are known quantitatively within certain limits. 8.) The effects of nutritional inadequacy are more than physical behavi viva patterns and mental performance are also compromised, and 10.) Proper education, technical expertise in addition to the use of all resources available in the praxis of nutrition will help upgrade the nutritional emplacement of peo ple. (Lagua, Claudio and Ruiz, 2004) Race has been a predisposing factor in developing gallstones. Westerners usually develop cholesterol stones, while Asians tend to have pigment or tangled stones. on that point has been an increasing prevalence of calculous cholecystitis in the Philippines. Whatever the type, size or origin of these stones, they cornerstone present with a variety of signs and symptoms.Stones develop in a sluggish, diseased gallbladder. Formation of stones may be due to infection, stagnation of the saddle sore or changes in the chemical composition of the gall, overeating or low-down eating habits. Obesity is highly associated with prevalence of gallstones. Prevalence increases with age, history of diabetes mellitus and elevated serum triglycerides ( Lagua, Claudio, 2011)The gallbladder may contain one large stone or many small ones. Infection accompanied by formation of gallstones is referred as calculous cholecystitis.Often beats, people with gallstones must have their gallbladder removed through a process called cholecystectomy. Transition diets are precondition accordingly after surgery and if the forbearing advances to an oral diet post-surgery, intake of fat is allowed as tolerated. As an colleague organ, the gallbladder is fairly easy to reside without. Once it is removed, bile travels from the liver directly into the small intestine.B. IMPORTANCE/ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYDisorder of the accessory organs present a significant impact on the absorption and nutritional status of an individual. stroke to give immediate treatment could bring about complications which are more difficult to manage. These complications may or may not possibly lead to death of an individual.This study was conducted to enable the students to practice his/ her skills on diet Therapy I. It may help the students to understand better the disease anatomy, the actions and interactions of food and medications to the body and the rationale for the diet prescription(prenominal) for the case longanimous. Moreover, it would help the students, as well as the readers to draft a nutritional care program for tolerants with calculous cholecystitis upon acquiring teaching about the disease through data collection. C. Objectives (General and Specific)The study generally aims to analyze, task and give proper recommendations to a long-suffering diagnosed with calculous cholecystitis. This study was also conducted to allow students to apply the friendship gained in the lecture and laboratory class of Diet Therapy I.The study specifically aims to1) Gather all the necessity information from the patients medical records and the interview 2) Assess the patients nutritional status and disease condition base from the information obtained 3) Know the causes, signs and symptoms of the disease condition and its complications 4) Determine and relate the factors and creator for the formation of the patients disease 5) Interpret and relate th e findings to the patients disease condition 6) Formulate a nutritional care plan for the patient7) Provide a diet prescription appropriate for the condition of the patient 8) Provide short and long term intervention for the patient and other recommendation that could help the prevent disease condition of the patient.D. Limitations of the StudyThe case study is only moderate to the disease condition of the patient with calculous cholecystitis and its possible complications if not given immediate intervention. ascribable to time constraints, the attending physician and nurse were not interviewed for further understanding of the disease. thither was also no diet prescription written on the patients medical chart, olibanum, the hospitals cycle menu was used as a basis for some computations and analysis.II. MethodologyStudents of Diet Therapy I were grouped into pairs and were asked to redeem a patient for the case study. Approved letters provided by instructors of Diet Therapy II, requesting for a case patient with infections, burns, surgery, allergies and diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract were personally submitted to different hospitals in Laguna. Laguna Provincial Hospital in Sta. Cruz Laguna accommodated the request, with the grace of the medical director and assistance of the attending physician, nurse and head nutritionist-dietitian. In the nurses station, the necessary information was self-contained on the selected case patient and the medical records were copied as data for the study. An interview with the case patient followed afterwards. The patient, unitedly with her aunt, was interviewed to collect necessary data such as personal information, nutritional and dietary history and the 24hr. food recall.Before the said interview, a questionnaire was formulated to systematically and completely obtain all the essential information for a better further analysis. Questions include the 24-hour food recall of the patient food intake (prior to memo ry access and during confinement), personal data, signs and symptoms experienced, patients tolerance and acceptance to the food given in the hospital, and some other information that would be beneficial to the study. After data gathering, the case was analyzed and a case study was then formulated. This was done through evaluation of the disease condition of the patient and correlating the symptoms experienced by the patient with the clinical manifestation of the disease.The dietary and the medical intervention given to the patient were also analyzed. This included correlating the dominion and rationale of the diet with the patients actual illness. The possible nutrient-drug interaction that can happen due to the prescribed medication to the patient was also analyzed. The result of the laboratory and biochemical findings of the patient was also interpreted. After this, the diet of the patient PTA and DC were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The diet was evaluated quantitat ively by computing the CPF of the patients food intake and computing the adequacy of that diet. Qualitative evaluation, on the other hand, was used using RDA. After analyzing the recommendations given to the patient, short-term and long-term diet plan was prepared for the patient.In computing the desirable body lading (DBW), the Tanhaussers Method. The WHO standards for body mass index served as the basis in determining whether the clients nutritional status. Method I was used to determine the patients total energy requirement (TER) for long term intervention and the carbohydrates-protein-fat distri preciselyion was distributed using the non-protein calorie method.III. Theoretical ConsiderationsA. Disease Conditioncalculous cholecystitis or cholecystolithiasis, is caused by the precipitation of the substances contained in the bile, mainly cholesterol and bilirubin with accompanying inflammation. The bile is consisted of bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, lecithin, fatty acids, ele ctrolytes and water usually found in the plasma. The cholesterol formed in the bile has no social function it is only a by-product of bile salt formation and the presence is only colligate in the excretion of bile. Cholesterol is normally insoluble in water and this is where lecithin and bile salts combine with it to form micelles. Inside the gallbladder, water and electrolytes are absorbed in the liver bile, causing it to be more concentrated. Lecithin and bile salts are not absorbed in the gallbladder, their concentrations increases alongside cholesterols. This is the mechanism of maintaining the solubility of cholesterol.B. Definitions and ClassificationsCholecystitis inflammation of the gallbladder. There has been an association of cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. There is al virtually always a close association with complete or partial obstruction of the stones formed inside the gallbladder.Cholelithiasis gallstones that precipitated from bile, cholesterol or bilirubin d ue to impaired gallbladder function or excessive production of by-products from fat digestion.C. EtiologyGallstone formation is due to bile salt, pigments and cholesterol salt accumulation. The stones rub off on the walls of the gallbladder, causing pain and inflammation in the subsequent inhering structures. There is also a link between elevated or abnormal estrogen levels with gallstone formation.D. Incidence/ PrevalenceThere is a 10% incidence of adults getting gallstones. Approximately, there are twice as many women who develop this disease and it increases with age after 60 years old, there is a 10-15% prevalence in men while a 20-40% prevalence in women was noted.E. PathologyGallstones obstruct bile lean and causes reflux and subsequent inflammation in the gallbladder. The inflammation is caused by chemical irritation from the concentrated bile, along with the swelling of the mucosal area and ischemia from venous congestion and stasis. Bacterial infections may be a complica tion and this could account for the infection and could reach the adjacent gallbladder through the circulation. Staphylococci and enterococci are the most common pathogens. Perforation of the gallbladder could lead to gangrene.F. Clinical Manifestations and Underlying MechanismsPain is evident in early cholecystolithiasis. There is similarity in the pain experienced with biliary colic and is usually felt after a fatty meal. Pain is experienced in the right upper quadrant and there is spasm in the right, subcostal region. There is elevation in total serum bilirubin, amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase.G. PrognosisAfter cholecystectomy, patients can return to work in a span of 1-6 weeks.IV. The PatientA. Personal DataThe patient is Chastine Salazar, 28 years old, female admitted on January 3, 2013 at Laguna Provincial Hospital in Sta Cruz, Laguna. Her physician is Dr. Flores.B. Socio-Economic memorialThe patient works as a registrar in the Head Office of AMA in Quezon City, Ph ilippines. Due to her sedentary lifestyle, she and her husband jogs for 2 hours every weekend. Her middle-class income allows her to select food items of higher market value, thus chocolate is always present after every meal. The patient does not smoke nor drink but based on the interview, it was found out that she uses laxatives due to constipation problems.C. Present illness and chief directionPatient has cholecystolithiasis with cholecystectomy as the surgical procedure of which 8 marble-sized gallstones were removed. Pain and vomiting was experienced by the patient and was immediately rushed to the hospital on January 3, 2013.D. Past Illnesses and surgery, allergies, hospitalizationThere were no family history of predisposing hazard factors to cholecystolithiasis but it was found out from the interview that the patient has supersensitized reaction to sea foods and patient has supersensitised rhinitis of which she has treated before with steroids.E. Physical State of HealthPa tient has allergy to sea foods and has allergic rhinitis. Patient also has constipation of which she self-medicates with laxatives.G. Nutritional and Dietary HistoryIt was observed from the 24-hr food recall that the patient has frequent consumption of chocolates and carbonated beverages. There was also a high intake of fatty and hot up food and dishes every day. Snacking patterns are also noted as the patient tends to overeat every 3 hours.

6 charts show wide economic gulf between races (memo format) Article

6 charts show wide economic gulf between races (memo format) - Article ExampleWe further-for clarity and simplicity purpose-discuss all(prenominal) subsection in basis of the previous year situational and the current year situation. Going a pass higher, we critically compare and contrast the situations at the ancestry through the tailor and to the end of year 2011 as follows.A critical examination of the persons above 18 years saw a declining trend from 70% rate for whites to 60% percent between years 1960 to 2011. On the other hand, the blacks also indicated a lessen trend from 60% to 30% marriage rates between different races. The pause at the ancestry was recorded as 13 Pts and widened to 24 Pts.A remarkable progress was made in ground of the number of twain races, with initial gap being 23 Pts in 1960 and decreasing to 18 Pts in 2011. The Blacks initially were at 70% and the Whites at 90% which slightly decreased to about 87% for the Whites and 67% for Blacks.A 5 Pts c hange was seen while contrasting the level of disparity under homeownership segregation. At the beginning of year 1980, the Whites owned about 70% and this rose to about 73% in year 2011. On the other hand, about 47% was initially owned by the Blacks which merely changed.Above the age of 25, both races are seen to almost equal in terms statistics available. An initial gap of 24 Pts in 1960 has been change to 7 Pts at the close of the year 2011. To add on the same, an increasing trend in terms of education is noted for both the races.In respect to life expectancy at birth for the two races, the gap has been minimized to a mere difference of 4 years in 2011 from the previous gap of 7 years in 1960. The trend increases and this will reduce further to equalize.At the presidential election, the trend has really changed with the blacks taking the lead to vote. A negative relationship is seen at the close of year 2011 where a negative change of 3